The National Bank of Poland is the central bank of the Republic of Poland. Its tasks are stipulated in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, the Act on the National Bank of Poland and the Banking Act. The fundamental objective of the NBP's activity is to maintain price stability.

The National Bank of Georgia is the central bank of Georgia; its status is defined by the Constitution of Georgia. The main objective of the National Bank is to ensure financial stability and maintain the purchasing power of the national currency.

The NATIONAL BANK OF ROMANIA (NBR), established in 1880, is the country's central bank. The National Bank of Romania is an independent public institution with its headquarters in Bucharest. It is the sole institution vested with the power to issue notes and coins to be used as legal tender on the territory of Romania.

The vision, mission and goals of the National Bank of Ethiopia has emanated from the overall vision of the government which is "to see a country, wherein democracy and good governance are prevailed upon the mutual consent and involvement of its people, wherein social justice is reigned, and wherein poverty reduced and income of the citizens reach to a middle economic level".

A select list of links to information sources and articles on Coins and Paper Money.

Numista lists 4700+ coins from all over the world, with pictures and detailed information. It is even possible to add new coins yourself.

This Web Site is presented to undertake an initial census of Merchants Tokens and other exonumia related to the six New England States. To my knowledge, this has not been previously attempted. New England and New York are the only areas not represented in the listings of state token catalogs.

The California Gold Rush created a steady flow of gold, part of which reached the United States Mint in Philadelphia. Instead of striking gold in traditional $10 pieces,the Mint decided to also issue larger denominations. In February 1849,Congress authorized the striking of $20 gold coins, which were created by the very talented Chief-Engraver James Barton Longacre. This coin is one of two trial patterns struck on March 12, 1850, even though it bears the date 1849. The second pattern has never been found. This coin inaugurated the series of gold 20 dollars, nicknamed "double eagles", which were issued from 1850 to 1907. The term "double eagle" is derived from the fact that the $10 coin is called an "eagle".

Fancy vignettes or engraved scenes began appearing on the notes early in the century, and it soon became possible to mass produce such images, combining, adding to, and cropping them as required. Three categories of people became and remained popular subjects for representation: Native Americans, women, and African Americans--an irony, for none then took part in the cash economy.

Greek contacts with the Iberian Peninsula were known as early as the seventh century B. C. Homer's Odyssey mentions Spain and Phoenician vessels may well have arrived centuries earlier. From the North, Celtic peoples moved into Spain about 900 B. C., settling in the northern part of the country. Later, about 600 B. C., Greeks landed in Spain and established trading posts along the east coast. It took the Romans almost two centuries to conquer the freedom-loving Spanish tribes and to create a Roman province called Hispania from which Spain's present name, Espana, is derived.

There are over 10,000 Russian coins and 1,250 medals in this collection once owned by the Grand Duke Georgii Mikhailovich, nephew of Tsar Alexander II of Russia. The accumulation forms the basis for the National Numismatic Collection's Russian section, the finest collection of Russian coins outside of Russia, including many great rarities and pattern pieces.

These donations further enhance the quality of the National Numismatic Collection. We are greatly indebted to Willis H. Dupont and the Stacks (Ben, Harvey and Lawrence), whose generosity has made it possible for us to share these rarities.

The most characteristic coin of the Parthians is the silver drachm of Attic weight(about 4 grams). These coins were the standard coin for trade and large transactions and were supplemented by a bronze coinage used at the local level. The Parthians also produced other denominations in silver, most commonly the tetradrachm, minted almost exclusively at Seleucia, and various fractions of the drachm, which were minted only during the earlier reigns and only in small numbers. By far the most common type for Parthian drachms was the ruler's portrait facing left on the obverse and a seated archer on the reverse, which is traditionally considered a representation of Arsaces I, surrounded by an inscription in Greek.

The Demareteion [dem-ah-re-tay-on] Master is the name that has been given by modern numismatists to an artist who is believed to have executed the dies for the Demareteion itself and for the closely related series of tetradrachms from Syracuse and Leontinoi. These coins are linked by the common element of the running lion that appears on each of them and by certain artistic similarities, such as the distinctive treatment of the eye and mouth on the figures of Arethusa and Apollo.

Coinage was essential to Corinth as an important commercial center. After Aegina, Corinth was one of the earliest cities in Greece to strike and use coins--in the 7th century B.C. Her silver staters, the "colts" or "poloi" (in Greek), issued from the earliest times, carried on their obverse the winged Pegasus, wondrous horse of Greek mythology, connected with Poseidon, god of the sea, and with Athena, goddess of wisdom. Her helmeted head graced the reverse of the Corinthian staters from the late 6th century B.C. onwards.

The Byzantine section of the National Numismatic Collection (NNC) consists of 632 individually cataloged coins and one hoard of 529 scyphate copper pieces from the 12th century AD. This exhibit focuses on the numismatic history of the Byzantine Empire as portrayed in this collection.

The National Bank of Slovakia (NBS) is the independent central bank of the Slovak Republic. It was established on January the 1st 1993 by the National Bank of Slovakia Act No. 566/1992 Zb.(PDF-file, size:127 KB) which declares its legal status, functions and tasks.

Core functions of the National Bank of Serbia include determining and implementation of the monetary policy, as well as that of the dinar exchange rate policy, management of the foreign currency reserves, issue of banknotes and coins, and maintenance of efficient payment and financial systems.